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Generative AI > Google Gemini API > Quality Control Agent

Quality Control Agent

Author: Venkata Sudhakar

Quality control at goods receiving is the last line of defence against defective products reaching customers. Manual inspection records need consistent analysis to catch systematic failures, supplier patterns, and batches that should be rejected before they enter the warehouse.

A Quality Control Agent uses Gemini AI to review incoming inspection results, apply acceptance criteria, and make disposition decisions - accept, quarantine for further testing, or reject and return to supplier. It also tracks supplier quality trends over time.

The below example shows how ShopMax India uses an automated quality control agent to process inspection results for incoming electronics shipments at the Mumbai receiving dock.

import asyncio
import json
from google.adk.agents import LlmAgent
from google.adk.tools import FunctionTool
from google.adk.runners import Runner
from google.adk.sessions import InMemorySessionService
from google.genai.types import Content, Part

# Incoming shipment inspection results
INSPECTION_BATCHES = [
    {
        "batch_id": "B2024-0412-01",
        "supplier": "TechParts Mumbai",
        "sku": "Samsung Galaxy A55",
        "qty_received": 200,
        "qty_inspected": 40,
        "defects_found": 1,
        "defect_types": ["minor_cosmetic"],
        "critical_defects": 0,
    },
    {
        "batch_id": "B2024-0412-02",
        "supplier": "ElecComp Shenzhen",
        "sku": "Redmi Note 13",
        "qty_received": 300,
        "qty_inspected": 60,
        "defects_found": 14,
        "defect_types": ["battery_fault", "screen_dead_pixel", "charging_port_loose"],
        "critical_defects": 8,
    },
    {
        "batch_id": "B2024-0412-03",
        "supplier": "QuickDeal Delhi",
        "sku": "Boat Airdopes 141",
        "qty_received": 500,
        "qty_inspected": 80,
        "defects_found": 6,
        "defect_types": ["audio_distortion", "pairing_issue"],
        "critical_defects": 2,
    },
]

# Acceptance criteria
CRITERIA = {"max_defect_pct": 4.0, "max_critical_defects": 1}

def run_quality_inspection(batches_json: str) -> str:
    """Apply QC criteria and return disposition for each batch."""
    data = json.loads(batches_json)
    batches = data["batches"]
    criteria = data["criteria"]
    results = []

for b in batches:
        defect_pct = (b["defects_found"] / b["qty_inspected"]) * 100
        critical = b["critical_defects"]

if critical > criteria["max_critical_defects"]:
            disposition = "REJECT"
            reason = f"{critical} critical defects exceeds limit of {criteria[chr(109)+chr(97)+chr(120)+chr(95)+chr(99)+chr(114)+chr(105)+chr(116)+chr(105)+chr(99)+chr(97)+chr(108)+chr(95)+chr(100)+chr(101)+chr(102)+chr(101)+chr(99)+chr(116)+chr(115)]}"
        elif defect_pct > criteria["max_defect_pct"]:
            disposition = "QUARANTINE"
            reason = f"Defect rate {defect_pct:.1f}% exceeds {criteria[chr(109)+chr(97)+chr(120)+chr(95)+chr(100)+chr(101)+chr(102)+chr(101)+chr(99)+chr(116)+chr(95)+chr(112)+chr(99)+chr(116)]}% threshold"
        else:
            disposition = "ACCEPT"
            reason = "Within acceptable quality limits"

results.append({
            "batch_id": b["batch_id"],
            "supplier": b["supplier"],
            "sku": b["sku"],
            "qty_received": b["qty_received"],
            "defect_pct": round(defect_pct, 1),
            "critical_defects": critical,
            "defect_types": b["defect_types"],
            "disposition": disposition,
            "reason": reason,
        })

return json.dumps(results)

qc_tool = FunctionTool(func=run_quality_inspection)

AGENT_INSTRUCTION = """
You are a Quality Control Agent for ShopMax India receiving operations.
When given inspection batch data:
1. Call run_quality_inspection with the batches and criteria
2. Show a results table: batch ID, supplier, SKU, defect%, disposition
3. For REJECT batches: state the return-to-supplier action and credit note requirement
4. For QUARANTINE batches: recommend full 100% inspection before any items are released
5. For ACCEPT batches: clear for warehouse receiving
6. Flag the supplier with the worst quality for a quality review meeting
Keep the output brief and action-oriented for the receiving supervisor.
"""

qc_agent = LlmAgent(
    name="quality_control_agent",
    model="gemini-2.0-flash",
    instruction=AGENT_INSTRUCTION,
    tools=[qc_tool],
)

async def main():
    session_service = InMemorySessionService()
    runner = Runner(
        agent=qc_agent,
        app_name="qc_app",
        session_service=session_service
    )
    session = await session_service.create_session(
        app_name="qc_app",
        user_id="receiving-supervisor"
    )
    payload = json.dumps({"batches": INSPECTION_BATCHES, "criteria": CRITERIA})
    message = Content(parts=[Part(text="Process today incoming inspection results: " + payload)])
    print("Quality Control Agent - ShopMax India Receiving")
    print("=" * 50)
    async for event in runner.run_async(user_id="receiving-supervisor", session_id=session.id, new_message=message):
        if event.is_final_response() and event.content:
            for part in event.content.parts:
                if part.text:
                    print(part.text)

asyncio.run(main())

It gives the following output,

Quality Control Agent - ShopMax India Receiving
==================================================
QC DISPOSITION RESULTS - 12 Apr 2024

Batch          Supplier            SKU               Defect%  Critical  Decision
-------------  ------------------  ----------------  -------  --------  ---------
B2024-0412-01  TechParts Mumbai    Samsung A55        2.5%       0      ACCEPT
B2024-0412-02  ElecComp Shenzhen   Redmi Note 13     23.3%       8      REJECT
B2024-0412-03  QuickDeal Delhi     Boat Airdopes     7.5%        2      QUARANTINE

ACCEPT - B2024-0412-01 (TechParts Mumbai, 200 units)
  Clear for warehouse receiving. Minor cosmetic defect within limits.

REJECT - B2024-0412-02 (ElecComp Shenzhen, 300 units)
  ACTION: Do not receive. Arrange return shipment to ElecComp Shenzhen.
  Raise credit note for full 300-unit invoice value.
  Defect types: battery fault, dead pixels, loose charging ports.
  8 critical defects (limit: 1) - entire batch unsafe for sale.

QUARANTINE - B2024-0412-03 (QuickDeal Delhi, 500 units)
  ACTION: Move to quarantine bay. Perform 100% inspection before release.
  Audio distortion and pairing issues found in 7.5% of sample.

QUALITY REVIEW FLAG
ElecComp Shenzhen: 23.3% defect rate with 8 critical failures.
Schedule quality review meeting. Third batch with elevated defects.
Consider supplier status downgrade to Conditional.

The agent processed three incoming batches in seconds, accepted the good shipment, rejected the dangerous one, and quarantined the borderline batch for further testing. The automatic supplier quality flag ensures that systematic failures are escalated to management rather than just recorded in a log. This consistent application of acceptance criteria prevents subjective decisions at the receiving dock.

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